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Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is an extremely rare type of kidney cancer comprising 3% of all pediatric renal tumours.〔Sharma SC, Menon PA, (Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney ), ''Journal of Postgraduate Medicine'', 2001, vol. 47, p. 206, jpgmonline.com. PMID 11832627. Accessed 2012-5-21.〕 Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney can spread from the kidney to other organs, most commonly the bone, but also including the lungs, brain, and soft tissues of the body.
Despite the similarities in names, ''clear cell sarcoma of the kidney'' is unrelated to clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, also known as malignant melanoma of soft parts.〔Poppe B, Forsyth R, Dhaene K, Speleman F., (Soft tissue tumors: Clear cell sarcoma ), ''Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol'', November 2002.〕
==Etiology and epidemiology==
Research in 2005 showed that CCSK can arise within a renal mesenchymal cell that shows a wide variety of neural markers.〔Cutcliffe C, Kersey D, Huang CC, Zeng Y, Walterhouse D, Perlman EJ, (Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: Up-regulation of Neural Markers with Activation of the Sonic Hedgehog and Akt Pathways ), ''Clinical Cancer Research'', Nov 15 2005, 11(22), pp. 7986-94, clincancerres.aacrjournals.org. , PMID 16299227. Accessed 2012-5-21.〕 Typical presentation is between 1 and 4 years of age, and a 2:1 male-to-female ratio is observed.〔Seibel N, (Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney ), ''Medscape Reference'', Updated 2014-2-11, Accessed 2014-5-18. 〕
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